5.1 Introduction
In this chapter, conclusion and research recommendations are presented to show the evidences of accomplishing the research aim and objectives. The conclusion has been presented in the light of the literature reviewed and the critical analysis of past studies based on the secondary data related to the variables that have been studied in the current research study.
5.2 Key Findings
The main research question in the current research was to find out how are the community-based punishments different from the custodial services in restoring offenders with justice, equity, truth, hope and impartiality. The study found that community-based punishments are beneficial for the society for a variety of reasons as these are innovative way in which different kinds and categories of criminals can be dealt with in an effective manner. In response to the research questions’ answer, the study summarized that community-based punishment as a reflection of restorative justice can be implemented in UK as a soft alternative of retributive approach or custodial sentences. It can be depicted that custodial sentences cannot be eliminated from the criminal justice system as large and intense crimes where the offender remains a big danger to the society, punishments and imprisonments are vital approach. On the other side, community-based punishments can be imposed on small criminals or those who show the signs of restoration. The study highlighted that in opting the soft alternative, governments would not only be able to filter offenders but also allow the jails and prisons’ authorities in maintaining their expenditures.
Both the theories as well as critical comparison results identified community punishments as cost-effective approach if implemented with appropriate and complete policy intentions (Allen, 2012; Eley et al., 2016). Community-based punishments are reported to have a positive impact on the individuals of the society who are given the opportunity to go back towards their community, their friends and the relatives to redeem themselves and to regain their integrity and lost pride (McIvor et al., 2013; Subramanian & Shames, 2013). In contrary, custodial sentences are subjected to weaken the protective factors, which are highly necessary to bring the offenders towards restoration. These factors include education, mental and physical health (Grimwood & Berman, 2012). However, the rate of offending was found associated with both the community-based sentences and custodial sentences. In case of community punishments and orders, such offending rates may be lower than the other option in some countries of the world. In summary, UK must analyze the variety of community-based punishments and penalties in order to replace it with the custodial sentences up to certain extent i.e. until it reaps cost-effectiveness and social improvements and relationships benefits for the country. Thus, effective implementation would not be possible without filtering offenders based on criteria of justice, equity, truth, hope and impartiality.
5.3 Recommendations
The research recommendations extracted from the findings of the current study for UK offenders provide appropriate suggestions to the relevant authorities. UK authorities should take effective measures to ensure that practices considering multiple factors should be implemented in an effective manner to prevent the overcrowdings of the prison, to decrease the overall expenditures, to develop appropriate policy intentions and to pursue the offender filtering process in order to control reoffending rates. Furthermore, they should take effective measures in ensuring that the individuals who have been provided with this form of punishments should be helped to enable them to identify and realize their mistakes so that they can become a valuable asset for the society. Rehabilitation under restorative justice is only successful when it walks besides retributive justice and custodial sentences for the high profile and big criminals. The authorities must consider the importance of restorative justice approach and the community-based punishments as a path for developing strong relationships between the victims and offenders in such a way that offender realize their wrong acts as wrong and avoid doing any such act in future. For this purpose, needs of both victims and offenders must be aligned simultaneously in the criminal policies and laws.
5.4 Future Research Path
A future research can be initiated in investigating the consistency in the criminal polices of UK and the factors necessary for effective implementation of community-based punishments as an alternative to custodial sentences. The investigation may encompass study of resource availability, expenses and expenditures, educational standards, community engagement and support and the public acceptance to given offenders a recognized place and opportunity to restore.
5.5 Conclusion
Thus, with the end of the study, it can be concluded that current research aim and objectives were achieved successfully.
In this chapter, conclusion and research recommendations are presented to show the evidences of accomplishing the research aim and objectives. The conclusion has been presented in the light of the literature reviewed and the critical analysis of past studies based on the secondary data related to the variables that have been studied in the current research study.
5.2 Key Findings
The main research question in the current research was to find out how are the community-based punishments different from the custodial services in restoring offenders with justice, equity, truth, hope and impartiality. The study found that community-based punishments are beneficial for the society for a variety of reasons as these are innovative way in which different kinds and categories of criminals can be dealt with in an effective manner. In response to the research questions’ answer, the study summarized that community-based punishment as a reflection of restorative justice can be implemented in UK as a soft alternative of retributive approach or custodial sentences. It can be depicted that custodial sentences cannot be eliminated from the criminal justice system as large and intense crimes where the offender remains a big danger to the society, punishments and imprisonments are vital approach. On the other side, community-based punishments can be imposed on small criminals or those who show the signs of restoration. The study highlighted that in opting the soft alternative, governments would not only be able to filter offenders but also allow the jails and prisons’ authorities in maintaining their expenditures.
Both the theories as well as critical comparison results identified community punishments as cost-effective approach if implemented with appropriate and complete policy intentions (Allen, 2012; Eley et al., 2016). Community-based punishments are reported to have a positive impact on the individuals of the society who are given the opportunity to go back towards their community, their friends and the relatives to redeem themselves and to regain their integrity and lost pride (McIvor et al., 2013; Subramanian & Shames, 2013). In contrary, custodial sentences are subjected to weaken the protective factors, which are highly necessary to bring the offenders towards restoration. These factors include education, mental and physical health (Grimwood & Berman, 2012). However, the rate of offending was found associated with both the community-based sentences and custodial sentences. In case of community punishments and orders, such offending rates may be lower than the other option in some countries of the world. In summary, UK must analyze the variety of community-based punishments and penalties in order to replace it with the custodial sentences up to certain extent i.e. until it reaps cost-effectiveness and social improvements and relationships benefits for the country. Thus, effective implementation would not be possible without filtering offenders based on criteria of justice, equity, truth, hope and impartiality.
5.3 Recommendations
The research recommendations extracted from the findings of the current study for UK offenders provide appropriate suggestions to the relevant authorities. UK authorities should take effective measures to ensure that practices considering multiple factors should be implemented in an effective manner to prevent the overcrowdings of the prison, to decrease the overall expenditures, to develop appropriate policy intentions and to pursue the offender filtering process in order to control reoffending rates. Furthermore, they should take effective measures in ensuring that the individuals who have been provided with this form of punishments should be helped to enable them to identify and realize their mistakes so that they can become a valuable asset for the society. Rehabilitation under restorative justice is only successful when it walks besides retributive justice and custodial sentences for the high profile and big criminals. The authorities must consider the importance of restorative justice approach and the community-based punishments as a path for developing strong relationships between the victims and offenders in such a way that offender realize their wrong acts as wrong and avoid doing any such act in future. For this purpose, needs of both victims and offenders must be aligned simultaneously in the criminal policies and laws.
5.4 Future Research Path
A future research can be initiated in investigating the consistency in the criminal polices of UK and the factors necessary for effective implementation of community-based punishments as an alternative to custodial sentences. The investigation may encompass study of resource availability, expenses and expenditures, educational standards, community engagement and support and the public acceptance to given offenders a recognized place and opportunity to restore.
5.5 Conclusion
Thus, with the end of the study, it can be concluded that current research aim and objectives were achieved successfully.
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